#define AUTO_GENERATED
// competitive-verifier: PROBLEM https://judge.yosupo.jp/problem/sparse_matrix_det
#include "../../../src/lalg/ds/matsp/lib.hpp"
#include "../../../src/lalg/mat/det_rd/lib.hpp"
#include "../../../src/util/rand/lib.hpp"
using namespace tifa_libs;
CEXP u32 MOD = 998244353;
#include "../../../src/math/ds/mint/bd/lib.hpp"
using namespace tifa_libs;
using mint = mint_bd<__LINE__>;
using mat = tifa_libs::matsp<mint>;
int main() {
mint::set_mod(MOD);
std::cin.tie(nullptr)->std::ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
u32 n, k;
std::cin >> n >> k;
mat a(n, n);
for (u32 i = 0, x, y, z; i < k; ++i) {
std::cin >> x >> y >> z;
a(x, y) = z;
}
auto is0 = [](cT_(mint) x) { return x.val() == 0; };
tifa_libs::rand_gen<u32> gen(1, u32((i32)mint::mod() - 1));
std::cout << tifa_libs::det_rd(a, gen, is0) << '\n';
return 0;
}
#line 1 "test/cpv/library-checker-linear_algebra/sparse_matrix_det.mintd-bd.cpp"
#define AUTO_GENERATED
// competitive-verifier: PROBLEM https://judge.yosupo.jp/problem/sparse_matrix_det
#line 2 "src/lalg/ds/matsp/lib.hpp"
#line 2 "src/fast/rsort32/lib.hpp"
#line 2 "src/util/alias/others/lib.hpp"
#line 2 "src/util/consts/lib.hpp"
#line 2 "src/util/alias/num/lib.hpp"
#line 2 "src/util/util/lib.hpp"
// https://github.com/Tiphereth-A/CP-lib
#include <bits/extc++.h>
// clang-format off
namespace tifa_libs {
#define CEXP constexpr
#define CEXPE constexpr explicit
#define CR const&
#define CP const*
#define PC *const
#define CPC const*const
#define TPN typename
#define NE noexcept
#define CNE const noexcept
#define ND [[nodiscard]]
#define cT_(...) std::conditional_t<sizeof(__VA_ARGS__) <= sizeof(size_t) * 2, __VA_ARGS__, __VA_ARGS__ CR>
// NOLINTNEXTLINE(misc-const-correctness)
#define flt_(T, i, l, r, ...) for (T i = (l), i##e = (r)__VA_OPT__(, ) __VA_ARGS__; i < i##e; ++i)
#define retif_(cond, if_true, ...) if cond return if_true __VA_OPT__(; else return __VA_ARGS__)
#ifdef ONLINE_JUDGE
#undef assert
#define assert(x) 42
#endif
using namespace std::ranges;
using namespace std::literals;
template <class T>
CEXP T abs(T x) NE { retif_((x < 0), -x, x); }
} // namespace tifa_libs
// clang-format on
#line 4 "src/util/alias/num/lib.hpp"
// clang-format off
namespace tifa_libs {
#define mk0_(w, t) using w = t; using c##w = const t
#define mk_(w, t) mk0_(w, t); CEXP w operator""_##w(unsigned long long x) NE { return (w)x; }
mk_(i8, int8_t) mk_(u8, uint8_t) mk_(i16, int16_t) mk_(u16, uint16_t) mk_(i32, int32_t) mk_(u32, uint32_t) mk_(i64, int64_t) mk_(u64, uint64_t) mk_(isz, ssize_t) mk_(usz, size_t) mk_(chr, char) mk_(schr, signed char) mk_(uchr, unsigned char) mk_(sint, signed) mk_(uint, unsigned);
mk0_(i128, __int128_t); mk0_(u128, __uint128_t); mk0_(f32, float); mk0_(f64, double); mk0_(f128, long double);
#undef mk0_
#undef mk_
} // namespace tifa_libs
// clang-format on
#line 4 "src/util/consts/lib.hpp"
// clang-format off
namespace tifa_libs {
using std::numbers::pi_v;
template <std::floating_point FP>
inline FP eps_v = std::sqrt(std::numeric_limits<FP>::epsilon());
template <std::floating_point FP>
CEXP void set_eps(FP v) NE { eps_v<FP> = v; }
CEXP u32 TIME = ((__TIME__[0] & 15) << 20) | ((__TIME__[1] & 15) << 16) | ((__TIME__[3] & 15) << 12) | ((__TIME__[4] & 15) << 8) | ((__TIME__[6] & 15) << 4) | (__TIME__[7] & 15);
CEXP auto STR2U16 = [] { std::array<u32, 65536> table{}; table.fill(-1_u32); flt_ (u32, i, 48, 58) flt_ (u32, j, 48, 58) table[i << 8 | j] = (j & 15) * 10 + (i & 15); return table; }();
inline const auto fn_0 = [](auto&&...) NE {};
inline const auto fn_is0 = [](auto x) NE { return x == 0; };
} // namespace tifa_libs
// clang-format on
#line 4 "src/util/alias/others/lib.hpp"
namespace tifa_libs {
template <class T>
struct chash {
CEXP static u64 C = u64(pi_v<f128> * 2e18) | 71;
CEXP u64 operator()(T x) CNE { return __builtin_bswap64(((u64)x ^ TIME) * C); }
};
// clang-format off
#define mk_(w, t) using w = t; using c##w = const t;
mk_(strn, std::string) mk_(strnv, std::string_view)
#undef mk_
template <class T> struct edge_t { T w; u32 u, v; CEXP auto operator<=>(edge_t CR) const = default; }; template <class T> using cedge_t = const edge_t<T>;
template <class T> struct pt3 { T _0, _1, _2; CEXP auto operator<=>(pt3 CR) const = default; }; template <class T> using cpt3 = const pt3<T>;
template <class T> struct pt4 { T _0, _1, _2, _3; CEXP auto operator<=>(pt4 CR) const = default; }; template <class T> using cpt4 = const pt4<T>;
#define mkT_(w, t, ...) template <class T> using w = t __VA_OPT__(, ) __VA_ARGS__; template <class T> using c##w = const t __VA_OPT__(, ) __VA_ARGS__;
mkT_(ptt, std::pair<T, T>) mkT_(alc, std::pmr::polymorphic_allocator<T>) mkT_(vec, std::vector<T>) mkT_(vvec, vec<vec<T>>) mkT_(v3ec, vvec<vec<T>>) mkT_(vecpt, vec<ptt<T>>) mkT_(vvecpt, vvec<ptt<T>>) mkT_(ptvec, ptt<vec<T>>) mkT_(ptvvec, ptt<vvec<T>>)
#undef mkT_
template <class T> using itl = std ::initializer_list<T>;
template <class T, usz ext = std::dynamic_extent> using spn = std::span<T const, ext>;
template <class T, usz N> using arr = std::array<T, N>; template <class T, usz N> using carr = std::array<const T, N>;
template <class U, class T> using vecp = vec<std::pair<U, T>>; template <class U, class T> using vvecp = vvec<std::pair<U, T>>;
template <class U, class T> using vvecp = vvec<std::pair<U, T>>; template <class U, class T> using vvvecp = vvec<vvec<std::pair<U, T>>>;
#ifdef PB_DS_ASSOC_CNTNR_HPP
template <class T, class C = std::less<T>> using set = __gnu_pbds::tree<T, __gnu_pbds::null_type, C>;
template <class K, class V, class C = std::less<K>> using map = __gnu_pbds::tree<K, V, C>;
// hset<u64> s({}, {}, {}, {}, {1<<16});
template <class T, class HF = chash<T>> using hset = __gnu_pbds::gp_hash_table<T, __gnu_pbds::null_type, HF>;
// hmap<u64, int> s({}, {}, {}, {}, {1<<16});
template <class K, class V, class HF = chash<K>> using hmap = __gnu_pbds::gp_hash_table<K, V, HF>;
#else
using std::set, std::map;
template <class T, class HF = chash<T>> using hset = std::unordered_set<T, HF>;
template <class K, class V, class HF = chash<K>> using hmap = std::unordered_map<K, V, HF>;
#endif
#ifdef PB_DS_PRIORITY_QUEUE_HPP
template <class T, class C = std::less<T>> using pq = __gnu_pbds::priority_queue<T, C>;
#else
template <class T, class C = std::less<T>> using pq = std::priority_queue<T, vec<T>, C>;
#endif
template <class T> using pqg = pq<T, std::greater<T>>;
// clang-format on
#define mk1_(V, A, T) using V##A = V<T>;
#define mk_(V, A, T) mk1_(V, A, T) mk1_(c##V, A, T)
#define mk(A, T) mk_(edge_t, A, T) mk_(ptt, A, T) mk_(pt3, A, T) mk_(pt4, A, T) mk_(vec, A, T) mk_(vvec, A, T) mk_(v3ec, A, T) mk_(vecpt, A, T) mk_(vvecpt, A, T) mk_(ptvec, A, T) mk_(ptvvec, A, T) mk1_(spn, A, T) mk1_(itl, A, T)
mk(b, bool) mk(c, chr) mk(i, i32) mk(u, u32) mk(ii, i64) mk(uu, u64) mk(t, isz) mk(z, usz) mk(f, f32) mk(d, f64) mk(s, strn);
#undef mk
#undef mk_
#undef mk1_
} // namespace tifa_libs
#line 4 "src/fast/rsort32/lib.hpp"
namespace tifa_libs {
template <class C>
requires(std::is_array_v<C> && std::integral<decltype(std::declval<C>()[0])> && sizeof(std::declval<C>()[0]) == 4) || (std::contiguous_iterator<TPN C::iterator> && std::integral<TPN C::value_type> && sizeof(TPN C::value_type) == 4)
void rsort32(C& a) NE {
if (a.size() <= 1) return;
if (a.size() <= 200'000) {
std::ranges::sort(a);
return;
}
arr<u32, 256> _0{}, _1{}, _2{}, _3{};
cu32 n = (u32)a.size();
vecu b(n);
u32 *a_ = (u32*)a.data(), *b_ = (u32*)b.data();
for (cu32 *_ = a_ + n, *i = a_; i < _; ++i) ++_0[*i & 255], ++_1[*i >> 8 & 255], ++_2[*i >> 16 & 255], ++_3[*i >> 24 & 255];
flt_ (u32, i, 1, 256) _0[i] += _0[i - 1], _1[i] += _1[i - 1], _2[i] += _2[i - 1], _3[i] += _3[i - 1];
for (u32 CP i = a_ + n; --i >= a_;) b_[--_0[*i & 255]] = *i;
for (u32 CP i = b_ + n; --i >= b_;) a_[--_1[*i >> 8 & 255]] = *i;
for (u32 CP i = a_ + n; --i >= a_;) b_[--_2[*i >> 16 & 255]] = *i;
for (u32 CP i = b_ + n; --i >= b_;) a_[--_3[*i >> 24 & 255]] = *i;
if CEXP (std::is_signed_v<TPN C::value_type>) {
u32 i = n;
while (i && a[i - 1] < 0) --i;
rotate(a_, a_ + n, a_ + i);
}
}
template <class C>
requires(std::is_array_v<C> && std::integral<decltype(std::declval<C>()[0])> && sizeof(std::declval<C>()[0]) == 4) || range<C>
void sort(C& a) NE {
if CEXP (std::is_array_v<C> || (std::contiguous_iterator<TPN C::iterator> && std::integral<TPN C::value_type> && sizeof(TPN C::value_type) == 4)) rsort32(a);
else std::ranges::sort(a);
}
} // namespace tifa_libs
#line 4 "src/lalg/ds/matsp/lib.hpp"
namespace tifa_libs {
template <class T>
class matsp {
using node = std::pair<u32, T>;
using data_t = vvec<node>;
u32 r, c;
data_t d;
public:
using val_t = T;
CEXP matsp(u32 row, u32 col) NE : r(row), c(col), d(r) { assert(row > 0 && col > 0); }
ND CEXP u32 CR row() CNE { return r; }
ND CEXP u32 CR col() CNE { return c; }
CEXP data_t CR data() CNE { return d; }
CEXP data_t& data() NE { return d; }
CEXP T& operator()(u32 r, u32 c) NE {
for (auto& [c_, v] : d[r])
if (c == c_) return v;
d[r].emplace_back(c, T{});
return d[r].back().second;
}
CEXP T CR operator()(u32 r, u32 c) CNE {
for (auto& [c_, v] : d[r])
if (c == c_) return v;
return T{};
}
CEXP void shrink_row(u32 r) NE {
d[r].erase(remove_if(begin(d[r]), end(d[r]), [](cT_(node) x) NE { return x.second == T{}; }), end(d[r]));
}
CEXP void sort_row(u32 r) NE { tifa_libs::sort(d[r]); }
template <class F>
CEXP void apply(F f) NE {
flt_ (u32, i, 0, r)
for (auto& [j, v] : d[i]) f(i, j, v);
}
template <class F>
friend CEXP matsp merge(matsp l, matsp r, F f) NE {
cu32 r_ = l.row(), c_ = l.col();
assert(r_ == r.row() && c_ == r.col());
matsp ret(r_, c_);
flt_ (u32, i, 0, r_) {
if (i >= r_ || (i < r_ && l[i].empty())) {
if (!r[i].empty()) ret[i] = r[i];
continue;
}
if (i >= r_ || (i < r_ && r[i].empty())) {
if (!l[i].empty()) ret[i] = l[i];
continue;
}
l.sort_row(i), r.sort_row(i);
auto f1 = begin(l.data()), l1 = end(l.data()), f2 = begin(r.data()), l2 = end(r.data()), d = begin(ret.d[i]);
for (; f1 != l1; ++d) {
if (f2 == l2) copy(f1, l1, d);
if (*f2 < *f1) *d = *f2, ++f2;
else if (*f1 < *f2) *d = *f1, ++f1;
else {
u32 j = u32(f1 - begin(l.data()));
*d = f(i, j, *f1, *f2), ++f1, ++f2;
}
}
copy(f2, l2, d);
}
return ret;
}
CEXP matsp operator-() CNE {
matsp ret = *this;
ret.apply([](u32, u32, T& v) NE { v = -v; });
return ret;
}
friend CEXP matsp operator+(matsp l, cT_(T) v) NE { return l += v; }
friend CEXP matsp operator+(cT_(T) v, matsp l) NE { return l += v; }
CEXP matsp& operator+=(cT_(T) v) NE {
apply([&v](u32, u32, T& val) NE { val += v; });
return *this;
}
friend CEXP matsp operator-(matsp l, cT_(T) v) NE { return l -= v; }
friend CEXP matsp operator-(cT_(T) v, matsp l) NE { return l -= v; }
CEXP matsp& operator-=(cT_(T) v) NE {
apply([&v](u32, u32, T& val) NE { val -= v; });
return *this;
}
friend CEXP matsp operator*(matsp l, cT_(T) v) NE { return l *= v; }
friend CEXP matsp operator*(cT_(T) v, matsp l) NE { return l *= v; }
CEXP matsp& operator*=(cT_(T) v) NE {
apply([&v](u32, u32, T& val) NE { val *= v; });
return *this;
}
friend CEXP matsp operator+(matsp CR l, matsp CR r) NE {
return merge(l, r, [](u32, u32, cT_(T) lv, cT_(T) rv) NE { return lv + rv; });
}
CEXP matsp& operator+=(matsp CR r) NE { return *this = *this + r; }
friend CEXP matsp operator-(matsp l, matsp CR r) NE { return l + (-r); }
CEXP matsp& operator-=(matsp CR r) NE { return *this = *this - r; }
friend CEXP matsp operator*(matsp l, matsp CR r) NE {
cu32 i_ = l.row(), j_ = l.col(), k_ = r.col();
assert(j_ == r.row());
matsp ret(i_, k_);
flt_ (u32, i, 0, i_) {
if (l.d[i].empty()) continue;
flt_ (u32, j, 0, j_) {
if (r.d[j].empty()) continue;
flt_ (u32, k, 0, k_) ret(i, k) += l(i, j) * r(j, k);
}
ret.shrink_row(i);
}
return ret;
}
CEXP matsp& operator*=(matsp CR r) NE { return *this = *this - r; }
CEXP vec<T> lproj(spn<T> x) CNE {
cu32 r_ = row(), c_ = col();
assert(r_ == x.size());
vec<T> ret(c_);
flt_ (u32, i, 0, c_)
for (auto&& [pos, v] : d[i]) ret[i] += x[pos] * v;
return ret;
}
};
} // namespace tifa_libs
#line 2 "src/lalg/mat/det_rd/lib.hpp"
#line 2 "src/lalg/lfsr_bm/lib.hpp"
#line 4 "src/lalg/lfsr_bm/lib.hpp"
namespace tifa_libs {
template <class T, class Is0>
requires requires(Is0 is0, T t) {
{ is0(t) } -> std::same_as<bool>;
}
CEXP vec<T> lfsr_bm(vec<T> CR s, Is0&& is0) NE {
vec<T> C{1}, B(C);
T b(1);
for (u32 n = 0, n_ed = (u32)s.size(), l = 0, x = 1; n < n_ed; ++n) {
T d(s[n]);
flt_ (u32, i, 1, l + 1) d += C[i] * s[n - i];
if (is0(d)) ++x;
else if (l * 2 > n) {
if (C.size() < B.size() + x) C.resize(B.size() + x);
const T _ = d / b;
for (u32 i = x, ie = (u32)B.size() + x; i < ie; ++i) C[i] -= _ * B[i - x];
++x;
} else {
vec<T> t(C);
if (C.size() < B.size() + x) C.resize(B.size() + x);
const T _ = d / b;
for (u32 i = x, ie = (u32)B.size() + x; i < ie; ++i) C[i] -= _ * B[i - x];
l = n + 1 - l, B = t, b = d, x = 1;
}
}
return C;
}
} // namespace tifa_libs
#line 4 "src/lalg/mat/det_rd/lib.hpp"
namespace tifa_libs {
// OK for matsp
template <class Mat, class Gn, class Is0>
requires requires(Is0 is0, TPN Mat::val_t t) {
{ is0(t) } -> std::same_as<bool>;
}
auto det_rd(Mat mat, Gn& gen, Is0&& is0) NE {
using T = TPN Mat::val_t;
cu32 n = mat.row();
assert(n == mat.col());
auto gen2 = [&gen](u32 n) NE {
vec<T> v(n);
generate(v, gen);
return v;
};
vec<T> u = gen2(n), v = gen2(n), diag = gen2(n), _(n * 2);
flt_ (u32, i, 0, n * 2) {
_[i] = std::transform_reduce(begin(u), end(u), begin(v), T{});
flt_ (u32, i, 0, n) v[i] *= diag[i];
v = mat.lproj(v);
}
T res = lfsr_bm(_, std::forward<Is0>(is0)).back() / std::reduce(begin(diag), end(diag), T(1), std::multiplies<T>());
retif_(((n & 1) == 1), -res, res);
}
} // namespace tifa_libs
#line 2 "src/util/rand/lib.hpp"
#line 5 "src/util/rand/lib.hpp"
namespace tifa_libs {
template <class T>
requires std::is_arithmetic_v<T>
class rand_gen {
using res_t = std::conditional_t<sizeof(T) <= 4, u32, u64>;
using res_wt = std::conditional_t<sizeof(T) <= 4, u64, u128>;
// clang-format off
struct mt19937_param { static CEXP u32 w = 32, n = 624, m = 397, r = 31, a = 0x9908b0df, u = 11, d = 0xffffffff, s = 7, b = 0x9d2c5680, t = 15, c = 0xefc60000, l = 18, f = 1812433253; };
struct mt19937_64_param { static CEXP u64 w = 64, n = 312, m = 156, r = 31, a = 0xb5026f5aa96619e9, u = 29, d = 0x5555555555555555, s = 17, b = 0x71d67fffeda60000, t = 37, c = 0xfff7eee000000000, l = 43, f = 6364136223846793005; };
using pm = std::conditional_t<std::is_same_v<res_t, u32>, mt19937_param, mt19937_64_param>;
// clang-format on
T a_, b_;
arr<res_t, pm::n> x_;
u32 p_;
CEXP void gen_() NE {
CEXP res_t um = (~res_t()) << pm::r, lm = ~um;
res_t _;
flt_ (res_t, i, p_ = 0, pm::n - pm::m) _ = ((x_[i] & um) | (x_[i + 1] & lm)), x_[i] = (x_[i + pm::m] ^ (_ >> 1) ^ ((_ & 1) ? pm::a : 0));
flt_ (res_t, i, pm::n - pm::m, pm::n - 1) _ = ((x_[i] & um) | (x_[i + 1] & lm)), x_[i] = (x_[i + (pm::m - pm::n)] ^ (_ >> 1) ^ ((_ & 1) ? pm::a : 0));
_ = ((x_[pm::n - 1] & um) | (x_[0] & lm)), x_[pm::n - 1] = (x_[pm::m - 1] ^ (_ >> 1) ^ ((_ & 1) ? pm::a : 0));
}
public:
CEXPE rand_gen(T a = std::numeric_limits<T>::min(), T b = std::numeric_limits<T>::max(), res_t sd = (res_t)TIME) NE : a_(a), b_(b) { assert(a < b || (std::is_integral_v<T> && a == b)), seed(sd); }
CEXP void range(T min, T max) NE { assert(min < max || (std::is_integral_v<T> && min == max)), a_ = min, b_ = max; }
void seed() NE { seed((res_t)std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::nanoseconds>(std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now().time_since_epoch()).count()); }
CEXP void seed(res_t sd) NE {
x_[0] = sd & gen_max();
flt_ (res_t, i, 1, p_ = pm::n) x_[i] = ((x_[i - 1] ^ (x_[i - 1] >> (pm::w - 2))) * pm::f + i % pm::n) & gen_max();
}
ND CEXP res_t gen_min() CNE { return 0; }
ND CEXP res_t gen_max() CNE {
if CEXP (sizeof(res_t) * 8 == pm::w) return ~res_t();
else return ((res_t)1 << pm::w) - 1;
}
CEXP res_t next() NE {
if (p_ >= pm::n) gen_();
res_t _ = x_[p_++];
_ ^= (_ >> pm::u) & pm::d, _ ^= (_ << pm::s) & pm::b, _ ^= (_ << pm::t) & pm::c, _ ^= (_ >> pm::l);
return _;
}
CEXP T operator()() NE {
if CEXP (std::integral<T>) {
const res_wt r = (res_wt)b_ - (res_wt)a_ + 1;
res_wt p = r * next();
if (auto l = (res_t)p, _ = res_t(res_wt(-(res_t)r) % r); l < r)
while (l < _) l = res_t(p = r * next());
return T((res_t)(p >> pm::w) + (res_t)a_);
} else return T(next() / (f128)((u128)gen_max() + 1) * (b_ - a_) + a_);
}
};
} // namespace tifa_libs
#line 6 "test/cpv/library-checker-linear_algebra/sparse_matrix_det.mintd-bd.cpp"
using namespace tifa_libs;
CEXP u32 MOD = 998244353;
#line 2 "src/math/ds/mint/bd/lib.hpp"
#line 2 "src/nt/mod/barrett/lib.hpp"
#line 4 "src/nt/mod/barrett/lib.hpp"
namespace tifa_libs {
template <u64 MOD, u64 B_ = 1>
struct barrett {
static CEXP u64 B = B_ % MOD, R = ((u128)B << 64) / MOD;
static CEXP u64 reduce(u64 a) NE {
if (u64 q = u64((u128)a * R >> 64); (a = a * B - q * MOD) >= MOD) a -= MOD;
return a;
}
};
template <> // dynamic
struct barrett<0> {
u64 mod, b, r;
CEXP barrett() NE = default;
CEXPE barrett(u64 mod, u64 b = 1) NE { reset(mod, b); }
CEXP void reset(u64 mod_, u64 b_ = 1) NE { assert(mod_), mod = mod_, b = b_ % mod, r = (u64(((u128)b << 64) / mod)); }
ND CEXP u64 reduce(u64 a) CNE {
if (cu64 q = u64((u128)a * r >> 64); (a = a * b - q * mod) >= mod) a -= mod;
return a;
}
};
} // namespace tifa_libs
#line 2 "src/math/ds/mint/_base/lib.hpp"
#line 2 "src/nt/inverse/lib.hpp"
#line 2 "src/nt/gl/inv_gcd/lib.hpp"
#line 2 "src/math/safe_mod/lib.hpp"
#line 2 "src/util/traits/math/lib.hpp"
// clang-format off
#line 4 "src/util/traits/math/lib.hpp"
namespace tifa_libs {
template <class T> concept char_c = std::same_as<T, char> || std::same_as<T, signed char> || std::same_as<T, unsigned char>;
#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wpedantic"
template <class T> concept s128_c = std::same_as<T, __int128_t> || std::same_as<T, __int128>;
template <class T> concept u128_c = std::same_as<T, __uint128_t> || std::same_as<T, unsigned __int128>;
template <class T> concept i128_c = s128_c<T> || u128_c<T>;
#pragma GCC diagnostic warning "-Wpedantic"
template <class T> concept imost64_c = std::integral<T> && sizeof(T) * __CHAR_BIT__ <= 64;
template <class T> concept smost64_c = imost64_c<T> && std::signed_integral<T>;
template <class T> concept umost64_c = imost64_c<T> && std::unsigned_integral<T>;
template <class T> concept int_c = i128_c<T> || imost64_c<T>;
template <class T> concept sint_c = s128_c<T> || smost64_c<T>;
template <class T> concept uint_c = u128_c<T> || umost64_c<T>;
template <class T> concept arithm_c = std::is_arithmetic_v<T> || int_c<T>;
template <class T> concept mint_c = requires(T x) { {x.mod()} -> uint_c; {x.val()} -> uint_c; };
template <class T> concept dft_c = requires(T x, std::vector<TPN T::data_t> v, u32 n) { {x.size()} -> std::same_as<u32>; x.bzr(n); x.dif(v, n); x.dit(v, n); };
template <class T> concept ntt_c = dft_c<T> && requires(T x) { T::max_size; T::G; };
template <class T> struct to_sint : std::make_signed<T> {};
template <> struct to_sint<u128> { using type = i128; };
template <> struct to_sint<i128> { using type = i128; };
template <class T> using to_sint_t = TPN to_sint<T>::type;
template <class T> struct to_uint : std::make_unsigned<T> {};
template <> struct to_uint<u128> { using type = u128; };
template <> struct to_uint<i128> { using type = u128; };
template <class T> using to_uint_t = TPN to_uint<T>::type;
template <arithm_c T> struct to_bigger : std::make_unsigned<T> {};
#define _(w,ww) template <> struct to_bigger<w> { using type = ww; }
#define _2(w,ww) _(i##w,i##ww); _(u##w,u##ww);
_2(8, 16); _2(16, 32); _2(32, 64); _2(64, 128); _(f32, f64); _(f64, f128);
#undef _2
#undef _
template <class T> using to_bigger_t = TPN to_bigger<T>::type;
template <arithm_c T> CEXP T inf_v = [] {
if CEXP(sint_c<T>) return T(to_uint_t<T>(-1) / 4 - 1);
else if CEXP(uint_c<T>) return T(-1) / 2 - 1;
else return std::numeric_limits<T>::max() / 2 - 1;
}();
} // namespace tifa_libs
// clang-format on
#line 4 "src/math/safe_mod/lib.hpp"
namespace tifa_libs {
template <int_c T>
CEXP T safe_mod(T x, to_uint_t<T> mod) NE {
if CEXP (sint_c<T>) {
if (x <= -(T)mod || x >= (T)mod) x %= (T)mod;
retif_((x < 0), x + (T)mod, x);
} else {
retif_((x >= mod), x % mod, x);
}
}
} // namespace tifa_libs
#line 2 "src/nt/gl/exgcd/lib.hpp"
#line 4 "src/nt/gl/exgcd/lib.hpp"
namespace tifa_libs {
// Binary exgcd
template <uint_c U, bool only_x = false>
CEXP auto exgcd_b(U a, U b) NE {
using T = to_sint_t<U>;
if CEXP (only_x) {
if (!a) return std::make_tuple(b, (T)0);
if (!b) return std::make_tuple(a, (T)1);
} else {
if (!a) return std::make_tuple(b, (T)0, (T) !!b);
if (!b) return std::make_tuple(a, (T)1, (T)0);
}
auto r = std::__countr_zero(a | b);
a >>= r, b >>= r;
T x = (T)a, y = (T)b, s = 1, t = 0, u = 0, v = 1;
while (x) {
while (!(x & 1))
if (x /= 2; !((s | t) & 1)) s /= 2, t /= 2;
else s = (s + (T)b) / 2, t = (t - (T)a) / 2;
while (!(y & 1))
if (y /= 2; !((u | v) & 1)) u /= 2, v /= 2;
else u = (u + (T)b) / 2, v = (v - (T)a) / 2;
if (x >= y) x -= y, s -= u, t -= v;
else y -= x, u -= s, v -= t;
}
if (y > 1) a /= (U)y, b /= (U)y;
if (a && (U)abs(v) >= a) {
const T _ = v / (T)a;
v -= _ * (T)a, u += _ * (T)b;
}
if (b && (U)abs(u) >= b) {
const T _ = u / (T)b;
u -= _ * (T)b, v += _ * (T)a;
}
if (const T u_ = u + (T)b, v_ = v - (T)a; abs(u_) + abs(v_) <= abs(u) + abs(v)) u = u_, v = v_;
if (const T u_ = u - (T)b, v_ = v + (T)a; abs(u_) + abs(v_) <= abs(u) + abs(v)) u = u_, v = v_;
if CEXP (only_x) return std::make_tuple(U(y << r), u);
else return std::make_tuple(U(y << r), u, v);
}
// @return then return tuple(g, x[, y]) s.t. g = gcd(a, b), xa + yb = g, |x| + |y| is the minimal (primary) and x <= y (secondarily)
template <sint_c T, bool only_x = false>
CEXP auto exgcd(T a, T b) NE {
using U = to_uint_t<T>;
if (auto [x, y] = minmax(a, b); x >= 0 && y <= T(U(-1) >> sizeof(U))) return exgcd_b<U, only_x>((U)a, (U)b);
if CEXP (only_x) {
T s = 1, u = 0;
while (b) {
T c = a / b;
std::tie(s, u, a, b) = std::make_tuple(u, s - u * c, b, a - b * c);
}
return std::make_tuple((U)a, s);
} else {
T s = 1, t = 0, u = 0, v = 1;
while (b) {
T c = a / b;
std::tie(s, t, u, v, a, b) = std::make_tuple(u, v, s - u * c, t - v * c, b, a - b * c);
}
return std::make_tuple((U)a, s, t);
}
}
} // namespace tifa_libs
#line 6 "src/nt/gl/inv_gcd/lib.hpp"
namespace tifa_libs {
template <uint_c T>
CEXP ptt<T> inv_gcd(T n, T mod) NE {
using U = to_sint_t<T>;
auto [g, x] = exgcd<U, true>(U(n % mod), (U)mod);
return {g, safe_mod(x, mod)};
}
} // namespace tifa_libs
#line 4 "src/nt/inverse/lib.hpp"
namespace tifa_libs {
// simple but slower: inv(n, mod) -> 1 < n ? mod - inv(mod % n, n) * mod / n : 1;
template <uint_c T, uint_c U>
CEXP U inverse(T n, U mod) NE {
auto [g, x] = inv_gcd(U(n % mod), mod);
assert(g == 1);
return x;
}
} // namespace tifa_libs
#line 2 "src/util/traits/others/lib.hpp"
// clang-format off
#line 4 "src/util/traits/others/lib.hpp"
namespace tifa_libs {
//! only for template without non-type argument
template <class, template <class...> class> CEXP bool specialized_from_v = false;
template <template <class...> class T, class... Args> CEXP bool specialized_from_v<T<Args...>, T> = true;
static_assert(specialized_from_v<vecu, std::vector>);
template <class T> concept container_c = common_range<T> && !std::is_array_v<std::remove_cvref_t<T>> && !std::same_as<std::remove_cvref_t<T>, strn> && !std::same_as<std::remove_cvref_t<T>, strnv>;
template <class T> concept istream_c = std::derived_from<T, std::istream> || std::derived_from<T, std::wistream> || requires(T is) { is.peek(); };
template <class T> concept ostream_c = std::derived_from<T, std::ostream> || std::derived_from<T, std::wostream> || requires(T os) { os.flush(); };
} // namespace tifa_libs
// clang-format on
#line 5 "src/math/ds/mint/_base/lib.hpp"
namespace tifa_libs::mint_impl_ {
struct mint_tag_base {};
template <std::derived_from<mint_tag_base> tag_t>
struct mint : tag_t {
CEXP mint() = default;
CEXP mint(int_c auto v) NE : tag_t(v) {}
using raw_t = tag_t::raw_t;
using sraw_t = to_sint_t<raw_t>;
static CEXP sraw_t smod() NE { return (sraw_t)tag_t::mod(); }
ND CEXP sraw_t sval() CNE { return (sraw_t)tag_t::val(); }
template <int_c T>
CEXPE operator T() CNE { return (T)tag_t::val(); }
CEXP mint& operator+=(mint CR r) NE {
mint::add(r);
return *this;
}
CEXP mint& operator-=(mint CR r) NE {
mint::sub(r);
return *this;
}
CEXP mint& operator*=(mint CR r) NE {
mint::mul(r);
return *this;
}
CEXP mint& operator/=(mint CR r) NE { return *this = *this * r.inv(); }
CEXP mint CR operator+() CNE { return *this; }
CEXP mint operator-() CNE { return tag_t::template neg<mint>(); }
ND CEXP mint inv() CNE { return inverse(tag_t::val(), tag_t::mod()); }
friend CEXP mint operator+(mint l, mint CR r) NE { return l += r; }
friend CEXP mint operator-(mint l, mint CR r) NE { return l -= r; }
friend CEXP mint operator*(mint l, mint CR r) NE { return l *= r; }
friend CEXP mint operator/(mint l, mint CR r) NE { return l /= r; }
friend CEXP bool operator==(mint CR l, mint CR r) NE { return l.val() == r.val(); }
friend CEXP auto operator<=>(mint CR l, mint CR r) NE { return l.sval() <=> r.sval(); }
friend auto& operator>>(istream_c auto& is, mint& x) NE {
i64 _;
is >> _, x = mint(_);
return is;
}
friend auto& operator<<(ostream_c auto& os, mint CR x) NE { return os << x.val(); }
friend CEXP auto abs(mint CR x) NE { return x.val(); }
};
} // namespace tifa_libs::mint_impl_
#line 5 "src/math/ds/mint/bd/lib.hpp"
namespace tifa_libs {
template <i64 ID>
class mint_bd_tag : public mint_impl_::mint_tag_base {
static inline barrett<0> core;
public:
static CEXP bool FIXED_MOD = false;
static CEXP void set_mod(u32 m) NE { core.reset(m); }
protected:
using raw_t = u32;
raw_t v_{};
CEXP mint_bd_tag() NE = default;
CEXP mint_bd_tag(int_c auto v) NE : v_{mod(v)} {}
public:
static CEXP raw_t mod(sint_c auto v) NE {
if (v >= 0) return mod((to_uint_t<decltype(v)>)v);
if (auto ret = mod((to_uint_t<decltype(v)>)-v); ret) return mod() - ret;
else return ret;
}
static CEXP raw_t mod(uint_c auto v) NE {
if CEXP (umost64_c<decltype(v)>) return (raw_t)core.reduce((u64)v);
else if (v < UINT64_MAX) return (raw_t)core.reduce((u64)v);
else return raw_t(v % mod());
}
static CEXP raw_t mod() NE { return (raw_t)core.mod; }
ND CEXP raw_t val() CNE { return v_; }
CEXP raw_t& data() NE { return v_; }
protected:
template <class mint>
CEXP auto neg() CNE {
mint res;
if (v_) res.v_ = mod() - v_;
return res;
}
CEXP void add(mint_bd_tag CR r) NE {
if ((v_ += r.v_) >= mod()) v_ -= mod();
}
CEXP void sub(mint_bd_tag CR r) NE {
if (i32(v_ -= r.v_) < 0) v_ += mod();
}
CEXP void mul(mint_bd_tag CR r) NE { v_ = (raw_t)core.reduce(u64(v_) * r.v_); }
};
template <i64 ID>
using mint_bd = mint_impl_::mint<mint_bd_tag<ID>>;
} // namespace tifa_libs
#line 11 "test/cpv/library-checker-linear_algebra/sparse_matrix_det.mintd-bd.cpp"
using namespace tifa_libs;
using mint = mint_bd<__LINE__>;
using mat = tifa_libs::matsp<mint>;
int main() {
mint::set_mod(MOD);
std::cin.tie(nullptr)->std::ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
u32 n, k;
std::cin >> n >> k;
mat a(n, n);
for (u32 i = 0, x, y, z; i < k; ++i) {
std::cin >> x >> y >> z;
a(x, y) = z;
}
auto is0 = [](cT_(mint) x) { return x.val() == 0; };
tifa_libs::rand_gen<u32> gen(1, u32((i32)mint::mod() - 1));
std::cout << tifa_libs::det_rd(a, gen, is0) << '\n';
return 0;
}
test/cpv/library-checker-linear_algebra/sparse_matrix_det.mintd-bd.cpp